This course is one of the core introductory courses of the Programme that give and overview of the methodologies currently at place to study ccognition and brain function based on neuroimaging and brain intervention techniques. Methods such as functional near-infrared spectroscope (fNIRS), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS), and others will be respectively introduced, which can provide the students with new insights into the structure and function of human brain. Nature and origin of electric, magnetic, light responses of human brain will be discussed throughout the course.