CILO-1: Describe the use of microscopy and staining in microorganism study.
CILO-2: Distinguish the basic groups of microbes.
CILO-3: Describe how sub-cellular structures contribute to the organism’s functioning as a unit.
CILO-4: Compare major pathways of catabolism and biosynthesis.
CILO-5: Investigate the effect of different environmental conditions using a typical bacterial growth curve.
CILO-6: Explain the microbial genetics principle of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) replication, transcription, and translation.
CILO-7: Describe the acquisition of novel genetic information in microbes via mutations and genetic exchange.
CILO-8: Explain the role of the host in infectious disease, including natural barriers to infection, immune responses especially innate immune response to infection, and inflammation.
CILO-9: Describe the characteristics of virus and its genetic information.
CILO-10: Compare different microbial diseases, including the properties of different types of pathogens, and the mechanisms of pathogenesis.
CILO-11: Develop a self-learning capability.